Grammar

5. Either & Neither…. So & Too

Either and Neither are mean “also” in the negative sentence, but So and Too are mean “also” in the positive sentence.

 

Form :

X : I like pizza a lot.                                                                 X : I don’t like pizza.

Y : I do, too/so do I.                                                               Y : I don’t either/neither do I.

Z : Oh, I don’t.                                                                                     Z : Well, I do.

X : Mary can run very fast.                                                     X : Mary can’t run very fast.

Y : Lola can, too/so can Lola                                                 Y : Lola can’t either/neither can Lola

Z : Well, I can’t.                                                                       Z : Oh, I can.

X : I’m crazy about football.                                                    X : I’m not crazy about football.

Y : I am, too/so am I.                                                             Y : I am not either/neither am I.

Z : I am not.

CONVERSATION

Harry   : Emma, would you like to have dinner with me?

Emma  : Of course. Where would you like to go?

Harry   : How about American Restaurant?

Emma  : Well, I’m not in the mood for western foods at the moment.

Harry   : Actually, I’m not either. Any suggestion?

Emma  : Well, it’s rainy now. What do you think about bakso?

Harry   : Actually, I’d like bakso.

Emma  : I do, too. We can buy it in Warung Mas Edy.

Harry   : Well, let’s go!

6. Degrees of Comparison is used to compare the thing’s situation with other things, city/country with other city/country, even the human being with other human being.

 

The First Group

Adjective with one syllable

Example : Big, tall, long, short, fat, etc.

(+) S + be + Adj + er + than + O

      S + be + the + Adj + est

e.g.:

·         We are bigger than them.

·         You are the shortest girl in this class.

·         I am fatter than my sister.

·         He is taller than me.

·         Kylie is richer than Kendall.

(-) S + be + not + Adj + er + than + O

     S + be + not + the + Adj + est

e.g.:

·         You are not the smartest in the classroom.

·         The Nevada Store isn’t the biggest in this town.

·         Chloe isn’t the prettiest in that contest.

·         We are not taller than them.

·         They are not weaker than us.

(?) Be + S + Adj + er + than + O?

      Be + S + the + Adj + est?

e.g.:

·         Are we younger than you?

·         Is she your oldest sister?

·         Are you stronger than me?

·         Am I prettier than Lily?

·         Is your brother the shortest in your family?

The Second Group

Adjective with two syllables or more

Example : Diligent, beautiful, handsome, expensive, etc.

(+) S + be + more + Adj + than + O

     S + be + the + most + Adj

e.g.:

·         She is more diligent than you.

·         He is more handsome than Johnny Deep.

·         They are the most popular boys in the world.

·         Those clothes are the most expensive clothes in Los Angeles.

·         New York is the most interesting city in USA.

(-) S + be + not + more + Adj + than + O

     S + be + not + the + most + Adj

e.g.:

·         Those movies are boring. They are not more interesting than The Camp Rock.

·         We are not more independent than you.

·         You are not the most polite guy in this class.

·         She is not more attractive than Lucy.

(?) Be + S + more + Adj + than + O?

      Be + S + the + most + Adj?

e.g.:

·         Am I more beautiful than Emma?

·         Is Hazel the most popular girl in this school?

·         Are they more diligent than us?

·         Is Zayn more handsome than Harry?

·         Is Janet the most attractive girl in your family?

The Third Group

Adjective ends with “y” should be grouped in the 1^st group.

Example : Lazy, easy, sleepy, crazy, etc.

e.g.:

·         She is lazier than Miley.

Peter is the laziest guy in this office at the moment.

·         Victoria is friendlier than Ariana.

Jasmine is the friendliest among all.

·         I am busier than Ellie.

Daniel  is the busiest person in this office.

Adjective that changes irregularly

Example : good                       -   better          -  the best

                 bad                         -   worse          -  the worst

                 many/much            -   more           -  the most

                 little                                    -   less              -  the least

                 far                          -   further        -  the furthest

e.g.:

·         My French is worse than Taylor.

Abigail’s French is the worst.

·         My bag is better than his bag.

Rico’s bag is the best.

·         My house is further than her house.

Hailee’s house is the furthest from our university.

As… adjective…As

To describe the people or things that have the same quality.

e.g.:

·         She is as short as you.

·         I am not as bad as you think.

·         Is your house as far as my house?

·         Kylie is not as tall as Kendall.

·         They are as friendly as my sister.

7. If Clause/Conditional Sentences

If  clause is being used if we want to make a clause on a certain thing. In the English grammar, a clause divided in 3 types :

 

TYPE 1

Is used for explain a clause that probably still going to happen in the next future.

Form : If + S + Verb1 + O, S + will + Verb1 + O (Be + Adj)

e.g.                  : If I study hard, I’ll pass the examination.

Meaning          : You still have a chance to get good score. So, it means you need to study harder.

 If I have enough money, I’ll go to travel all around the world.

Meaning          : It’s possible for you to travel around the world. You just need to save more money every month, so you’ll able to go to travel as soon as possible.

TYPE II

Is used for explain a clause that impossible to happen or against the reality in the future.

Form : If + S + Verb2 + O, S + would + Verb1 + O (Be + Adj)

e.g.                  : If I had enough money, I would buy that fancy house.

Meaning          : You don’t have enough money, so it’s impossible for you to buy that fancy house.

Form : If + S + were + Noun, S + would + Verb1 + O

e.g.                  : If I were a singer, I would move to Los Angeles.

Meaning          : You are not a singer, so it’s impossible for you to move to Los Angeles.

                          If I were an actress, I would buy an island.

Meaning          : You are not an actress, so you can’t buy an island.

TYPE III

Is used for explain a clause that impossible to happen or against the reality in the future.

Form : If + S + had + Verb3 + O, S + would + have + Verb3 + O (Been + Adj)

e.g.                  : If I had enough money, I would have bought that ring.

Meaning          : You didn’t have enough money, you couldn’t buy that ring.

                         If you had studied hard last night, you wouldn’t have problems in doing the test.

Meaning          : You didn’t study hard last night, you had problems in doing the test.